Незначительный прогресс и высокая уязвимость: разрыв в устойчивости антикоррупционных реформ в Кыргызстане
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52536/3006-807X.2026-3.003Ключевые слова:
борьба с коррупцией, разрыв в устойчивом развитии, внешнее управление, подотчетность, КыргызстанАннотация
Антикоррупционная реформа в Кыргызстане принесла измеримые институциональные и административные результаты, однако ее функция подотчетности оказалась менее устойчивой, чем предполагает формальная институционализация. В данной статье развивается концепция разрыва в устойчивости, определяемого как эрозия способности реформы ограничивать власть после ее принятия, и применяется к трем областям реформ: прозрачность государственных закупок, предоставление цифровых услуг и обеспечение соблюдения антикоррупционного законодательства на высоком уровне. Используя качественный метод исследования конкретных случаев и анализ, основанный на отслеживании процесса, статья опирается на правовые и политические документы, отчеты доноров и учреждений, показатели управления, журналистские расследования и публично представленные сводные результаты опросов. Результаты показывают различные траектории развития. Портал государственных закупок генерировал открытые данные, которые журналисты-расследователи использовали для проверки политически связанных контрактов, но его функция подотчетности ослабла после того, как он начал налагать политические издержки. Предоставление цифровых услуг оказалось более устойчивым, поскольку оно сократило рутинную бюрократическую свободу действий, не угрожая напрямую распределению ресурсов элиты. Обеспечение соблюдения законодательства на высоком уровне оставалось видимым, но ему не хватало последовательного, прозрачного и институционально независимого контроля. Сравнение показывает, что разрыв в устойчивости обусловлен зависимостью от доноров и проектного цикла, ограниченной внутренней ответственностью и сужением гражданского пространства, что ослабляет субъектов, способных преобразовать формальную прозрачность в подотчетность. В статье утверждается, что внешняя поддержка со стороны органов управления должна оцениваться не только по результатам внедрения и техническим показателям, но и по тому, продолжают ли реформы обеспечивать контроль и ограничивать власть после того, как возникают политические издержки.
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