Shanghai Cooperation as a Mechanism for Regional Integration in Central Asia

Akbar Bitleuov; Aimen Kurmangali; Zara Shaimordanova; Catherine Poujol

doi:10.52536/3006-807X.2026-3.006

Авторы

Акбар Битлеуов Казахский национальный педагогический университет имени Абая, Казахстан Автор https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8234-4438
Аймен Курмангали Казахский национальный педагогический университет имени Абая, Казахстан Автор https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9846-4983
Зара Шайморданова Казахский университет международных отношений и мировых языков имени Абылай хана, Казахстан Автор https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6261-169X
Катрин Пужоль Национальный институт восточных языков и цивилизаций, Франция Автор https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7784-9964

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52536/3006-807X.2026-3.006

Ключевые слова:

Шанхайская организация сотрудничества, региональная интеграция, Центральная Азия, контент-анализ, экономическое сотрудничество, безопасность, дискурс

Аннотация

В настоящем исследовании рассматривается Шанхайская организация сотрудничества как механизм региональной интеграции в Центральной Азии на основе анализа официального дискурса организации за период с 2015 по 2025 год. Исследование направлено на восполнение существенного пробела в научной литературе посредством изучения того, каким образом региональная интеграция концептуализируется и получает приоритетное значение в официальном дискурсе ШОС, а также как с течением времени изменялась относительная значимость различных направлений регионального сотрудничества. В исследовании применён смешанный методологический подход, сочетающий качественный контент-анализ и количественный частотный анализ 41 официального документа ШОС, включая декларации, заявления и совместные коммюнике. Схема кодирования включала шесть аналитических категорий как интеграция, экономическое сотрудничество, политическая координация, энергетика и транспорт, гуманитарное сотрудничество и безопасность. Результаты показывают, что ШОС функционирует скорее, как гибридная институциональная платформа, чем как традиционная модель углублённой региональной интеграции. На экономическое сотрудничество приходится 26,8 %, а на вопросы безопасности 20,3 % дискурса организации, что позволяет рассматривать эти направления как ядро её деятельности. Долгосрочный анализ выявил существенный сдвиг от преимущественной ориентации на вопросы безопасности в 2015–2019 годах к более экономически ориентированной и диверсифицированной повестке в 2020–2025 годах. Вместе с тем интеграция по-прежнему в значительной степени остаётся предметом дискурсивного обсуждения и выражается через такие идеи, как многополярность и «шанхайский дух», а не через устойчивые институциональные механизмы. Настоящее исследование дополняет существующую научную литературу посредством систематического долгосрочного анализа документов ШОС и соотнесения дискурсивных характеристик с измеримыми моделями сотрудничества. Полученные результаты подчёркивают значение гибкого, основанного на консенсусе регионализма в условиях многополярного мира и позволяют рассматривать ШОС как альтернативную модель регионального взаимодействия, основанную на избирательном сотрудничестве и институциональной адаптивности.

Биографии авторов

Акбар Битлеуов, Казахский национальный педагогический университет имени Абая, Казахстан

Докторант специальности «Международные отношения» Института Сорбона-Казахстан при КазНПУ имени Абая, магистр социальных наук.
Аймен Курмангали, Казахский национальный педагогический университет имени Абая, Казахстан

Доктор политических наук, ассоциированный профессор кафедры международных отношений, Институт Сорбонна-Казахстан, Казахский национальный педагогический университет имени Абая, Алматы, Казахстан.
Зара Шайморданова, Казахский университет международных отношений и мировых языков имени Абылай хана, Казахстан

Доктор исторических наук, профессор КазУМОиМЯ имени Абылай хана
Катрин Пужоль, Национальный институт восточных языков и цивилизаций, Франция

Доктор исторических наук, профессор, Национальный институт восточных языков и цивилизаций, Париж, Франция.

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