Climate Governance: Comparing Centralized and Decentralized Approaches

Sandra Ingelkofer; Renata Faizova

doi:10.52536/3006-807X.2025-3.002

Авторы

Сандра Ингелкофер Бирмингемский университет, Великобритания Автор https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0426-143X
Рената Фаизова Университет Британской Колумбии, Канада Автор https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1321-8530

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52536/3006-807X.2025-3.002

Ключевые слова:

климатическое управление, климатическая политика, Китай, США, Турция, Канада, Центральная Азия

Аннотация

Климатическое регулирование и управление на национальном уровне в настоящее время переживают период нестабильности: в одних странах наблюдается откат политики, тогда как в других усиливается её институционализация. В статье проводится сравнительный анализ централизованных, децентрализованных (федеральных) и гибридно-полицентрических моделей управления на примере Китая, США, Канады, Турции, Норвегии и Саудовской Аравии. Оценке подвергаются амбициозность политики, правовые инструменты, потенциал реализации, роль субнациональных акторов, вовлечение заинтересованных сторон, финансовая мобилизация и аспекты справедливости. Результаты адаптируются к Центральной Азии, где климатическое управление сохраняет высокую степень централизации и ограниченное гражданское участие. Анализ показывает, что универсально эффективной модели не существует: наиболее результативные системы сочетают стратегическую согласованность сверху вниз с локальными экспериментами и социальной легитимностью. Для стран Центральной Азии предлагается интегрировать гибридную модель, объединяющую национальные цели и ресурсы с региональными пилотными инициативами, прозрачным мониторингом и инклюзивным участием. Подобный синергетический подход обеспечивает наилучшие перспективы устойчивого сокращения выбросов, повышения климатической устойчивости и справедливого перехода в регионе.

Биографии авторов

Сандра Ингелкофер, Бирмингемский университет, Великобритания

Юридический факультет Бирмингемского университета, Великобритания; Кафедра административного права Киевского национального университета имени Тараса Шевченко, Украина
Рената Фаизова, Университет Британской Колумбии, Канада

Кафедра исследований Центральной, Восточной и Северной Европы, Университет Британской Колумбии, Канада

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